The Tesla Model S may be the 21st century’s most influential car launch. The electric sedan propelled Tesla from a novelty into a major player in the automotive industry. It recast expectations for electric vehicles, showing they could be desirable, pack high performance and deliver enough range to be useful for most people.
The Model S has been around a while, approaching 13 full years in production. There’s now a mature market in used versions. And with its massive depreciation — the worst among electric vehicles — a used Tesla Model S may be a better option than buying new.
If you’re considering buying a used Tesla Model S, here are the critical factors to consider.
Which used Tesla Model S are you buying?
The Tesla Model S has been vastly different EVs during its model run, ranging from 208 miles of EPA range (when new) to more than 400 miles and from a little above 300 horsepower to more than 1,000. The number of versions and nomenclature can get confusing.
Initially, Tesla employed an alphanumeric naming system for its Model S versions, producing names such as the “Tesla Model S P100D.” The number 100 represents the battery pack’s rough kWh capacity. The “P” prefix stands for performance. The “S” suffix indicates dual-motor AWD.
Tesla later switched to names for its Model S trims in 2019. These names have mostly been basic descriptions of the version: Standard, Long Range, Performance, etc. Tesla currently offers the Model S in two versions: “All-Wheel Drive” and “Plaid.”
When was the used Tesla Model S built?
Tesla does not adhere to automaker conventions regarding model years and generations. The Model S has received two substantial refreshes in 2016 and 2021. However, significant updates have been dropped sporadically throughout the model run. Here are some dates to keep in mind.
2014: Tesla added Autopilot capability for the Model S in 2014. So, the 2012 and 2013 models are not compatible.
2015: Tesla introduced the “Insane Mode” launch capability, which became the “Ludicrous Mode” to the Model S P85D.
2016: The Model S got its first comprehensive refresh. It changed visually, with a body-color front fascia replacing the original black grille. The Model S received updated Autopilot 2 hardware and quicker 48-amp charging. The Model S P100D became the first EV to deliver more than 300 miles of EPA range.
2019: Tesla adds a new “Raven” powertrain for the Model S. This update increased the range and enhanced ride comfort with a new adaptive suspension.
2021: Tesla delivered another refresh for the Model S. Key updates include the new “Plaid” version packing over 1,000 horsepower, a heat pump for more efficient cold weather operation, a new landscape-oriented horizontal touchscreen and an available yoke steering apparatus.
How much does a used Tesla Model S cost?
Luxury sedans and electric vehicles suffer a lot of depreciation. The Tesla Model S is both and can be a surprisingly affordable used vehicle. Pricing never really bottoms out. Early 2012-15 Tesla Model S vehicles tend to range between $12,000 and $25,000 depending on the model year, mileage and presence of autopilot. Model S vehicles from 2016-20 generally range between $20,000 to $35,000, depending on the same factors. Cars under $25,000 can qualify for a federal used EV tax credit.
Buyers may find the best value with used Tesla Model S vehicles from 2021-23. Plaid models are around $45,000 to $55,000, potentially approaching $100,000 less than when they were new. Non-Plaid Model S versions go for between $35,000 and $45,000.
Do used Tesla Model S vehicles get free unlimited supercharging?
Potentially. But it’s complicated. Tesla offered Model S early adopters from 2012-16 free unlimited supercharging, terminating the offer in early 2017. Model S vehicles from those years — versions capable of supercharging — could be eligible to transfer free unlimited supercharging. Tesla has offered free supercharging in various promotions since. However, those subsequent promotions are not transferable to a new owner.
Initially, Tesla confirmed that free unlimited supercharging would be transferable with the vehicle. That policy has changed. A 2019 report noted that Tesla was stripping free supercharging from Model S vehicles that were traded in. Tesla has sporadically offered owners with free supercharging the opportunity to transfer that to a new Tesla with a purchase.
Theoretically, a 2012-16 Model S could have free unlimited supercharging. If it does, it should be transferable to a new owner. In practice, that information is hard to find. If Tesla took back the vehicle at some point, it would likely not have it anymore.
How much battery degradation will a used Tesla Model S have?
All lithium-ion batteries degrade over time and use. But degradation should not be too much of a concern for used Tesla Model S buyers. According to Tesla, a Model S should suffer about 12% battery degradation (maintaining 88% capacity) on average after 200,000 miles of driving. Owners have noted extreme use cases with Teslas maintaining solid range with a Model S after 300,000 and even 400,000 miles. And Tesla’s newer batteries may prove even more resilient.
Broadly, a used Model S likely won’t have the EPA range listed when the car was new. Capacity in the 90s is excellent. Capacity in the 80s should still be serviceable. The 70s is where a vehicle would be approaching the battery repair threshold. Tesla repairs batteries under warranty at 70% capacity. Dealers may be able to employ a service like Recurrent to provide a battery report for a used Tesla Model S.
What are some known issues with a used Tesla Model S?
As an electric car, the Model S has fewer potential mechanical weak points than a typical combustion car. If Tesla’s battery data is correct, there should be few concerns about longevity. One area to pay particular attention to is the suspension. Components can experience significant wear and tear when dealing with the vehicle’s weight over time. And air suspensions can develop leaks. Ensuring the air conditioner is functional is vital, as that helps cool the battery.
What type of warranty coverage does a used Tesla Model S have?
Tesla has sold Model S vehicles with a 4-year or 50,000-mile basic warranty and an 8-year or 150,000-mile battery warranty. Those warranties transfer with the vehicle to a new owner. If you buy a pre-owned Model S from Tesla, the brand adds a year or 10,000 miles to the basic warranty or provides a new 1-year or 10,000-mile basic warranty.
